Majid Hussain , Syed Mujtaba Hasnian Zaidi b, Riffat Naseem Malik,Benktesh Dash Sharma
This study quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Pakistan Tobacco Company (PTC)
production using a life cycle approach. The PTC production chain comprises of two phases: agricultural
activities (Phase I) and industrial activities (Phase II). Data related to agricultural and industrial activities
of PTC production chain were collected through questionnaire survey from tobacco growers and records
from PTC manufacturing units. The results showed that total GHG emissions from PTC production chain
were 44,965, 42,875, and 43,839 tCO2e respectively in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Among the agricultural
activities, firewood burning for tobacco curing accounted for about 3117, 3565, and 3264 tCO2e, fertilizer
application accounted for 754, 3251, and 4761 tCO2e in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Among the
industrial activities, fossil fuels consumption in stationary sources accounted for 15,582, 12,733, and
13,203 tCO2e, fossil fuels used in mobile sources contributed to 2693, 3038, and 3260 tCO2e, and
purchased electricity consumed resulted in 15,177, 13,556, and 11,380 tCO2e in 2009, 2010, and 2011,
respectively. The GHG emissions related to the transportation of raw materials and processed tobacco
amounted to 6800, 6301, and 7317 respectively in 2009, 2010, and 2011. GHG emissions from energy use
in the industrial activities constituted the largest emissions (i.e., over 80%) of GHG emissions as PTC
relies on fossil fuels and fossil fuel based electrical power in industrial processes. The total emissions of
carbon footprint (CFP) from PTC production were 0.647 tCO2e per million cigarettes produced in 2009,
0.675 tCO2e per million cigarettes in 2010 and 0.59 tCO2e per million cigarettes in 2011. Potential
strategies for GHG emissions reductions for PTC production chain include energy efficiency, reducing
reliance on fossil fuels in non-mobile sources, adoption of renewable fuels including solar energy, energy
from crop residues, and promotion of organic fertilizers.